我国首次自主火星探测任务中环绕器的研制与实践

火星探测是国际深空探测的重点和热点,2020年,中国、美国、阿联酋的火星探测器相继发射升空。我国的首颗自主火星探测器——"天问一号"由环绕器、着陆巡视器组成,将一步实现火星的"绕、着、巡"。其中,火星环绕器作为探测器的核心组成部分,承载着地火转移、制动捕获、离轨分离、中继通信以及环火科学探测等重要任务。本文简要回顾了我国火星环绕器的研制历程,介绍了环绕器的基本方案,分析了研制过程中的技术难点和关键技术攻关情况,指出了未来技术发展方向,提出了构建通用化环绕平台的构想,为后期的深空探测任务提供参考。     

不同热处理工艺下激光增材制造TC4钛合金组织与性能研究进展

由于激光增材制造(Laser Additive Manufacturing,LAM)TC4钛合金加工成形过程的特殊性,导致该合金在力学性能上存在明显的各向异性,同时韧性、疲劳性能不能很好地满足使用要求。从材料组织与力学性能之间的关系出发,介绍了不同热处理工艺对激光增材制造TC4钛合金组织与力学性能的影响,指出了当前激光增材制造TC4钛合金热处理研究中存在的问题,并为后续激光增材制造TC4钛合金的热处理研究提供思路与方向。     

表面状态及电解液对Ti6Al4V EJM加工质量的影响

钛合金广泛应用于航空发动机中,硝酸钠(Na NO3)电解液与氯化钠(Na Cl)电解液广泛应用于常规金属材料电化学加工。研究了钛合金在应用电解液喷射加工技术(EJM)时的表现。首先应用这两种电解液对两种不同表面质量的钛合金试件分别进行EJM加工试验,通过分析加工后所得样槽的深宽比、表面粗糙度、氧化物占比以及微观形貌,分析了钛合金原始表面状态以及电解液选用对最终加工精度的影响效果。在此基础上,以不同的顺序组合应用这两种电解液对优选出的钛合金试件再次进行EJM加工试验研究,确定最优的电解液组合应用顺序。两个系列的试验研究,为提高钛合金电化学喷射加工的质量与效率提供了一定的理论和试验依据。     

大厚度TC4-DT钛合金电子束焊接接头微观组织和力学性能研究

对60mm厚TC4-DT钛合金锻件进行电子束焊接。通过对焊接接头显微组织观察,拉伸、冲击、断裂韧性测试,研究了该合金电子束焊接接头的力学性能。结果表明:TC4-DT钛合金具有良好的焊接工艺性能。焊缝为α相网篮组织,该合金电子束焊接接头的拉伸强度与基材相当,但冲击韧性与锻件相比略低。同时,该合金焊接接头也具有良好的损伤容限性能,与锻件相比焊接接头的断裂韧性下降约20%。     

水冷温度对TC4钛合金组织演变的影响

水冷温度影响TC4钛合金的组织形态与力学性能的变化.TC4钛合金固溶后缓慢冷却到3种不同温度.水冷后组织形态与力学性能的变化结果表明:当由900℃开始水冷时,α相在晶界形核,原始的β晶粒出现;当温度继续降低达700℃然后再水冷时,析出α相相对均匀细小,试样抗拉强度和硬度分别达到了最高值867MPa和HV5218;随着冷却温度的继续下降,β相逐渐析出α相,水冷温度越低,α相呈现为粗大的片层状,试样强度和硬度降低.     

Concept options for the aerial survey of Titan

Various aerial platforms intended for long endurance survey of the Titan surface are presented. A few novel concepts are introduced, including a heated methane balloon and a balloon with a tethered wind turbine. All the concept options are predicted to have lower scientific payload fractions than the Huygens probe. It is concluded that the selection of the best aerial platform option depends on more accurate mass estimates and a clear decision on whether, or not, in situ surface composition measurements are required in conjunction with aerial remote sensing.     

A novel wireless light sensing device for planetary and astronomical observations

A novel and versatile wireless light sensing device has been designed and tested for stellar and planetary photometric observations. The device weighing few 10 s of grams finds a number of potential applications in the fields of astronomy and in situ planetary exploration. A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) using a number of these devices has been deployed to successfully carry out simultaneous photometric observations under different conditions viz. sunlight, twilight, moonlight etc. Observation of a star of known magnitude for flux calibration at low intensity has been carried out by coupling the device to a 1.2 m telescope which demonstrates its sensitivity. A WSN using these devices is further capable of spatio-temporal investigations of sky background intensities. Such a network can also be used to effectively monitor certain astronomical events (lunar eclipse, asteroid occultation etc.) simultaneously from several locations. The capability of the device, level of miniaturization and its versatility makes it a potential tool for many photometric applications.     

深空探测航天器巡航段自主导航方法研究

对深空探测航天器自主导航方法进行了研究。为了应对深空探测中航天器轨道动力学模型的误差，在分光计测量航天器相对于太阳径向速度基础上，引入了小行星的视线矢量测量。通过最小二乘法计算出由小行星视线矢量所得到的位置信息，采用改进的信息融合方法修正扩展卡尔曼滤波中不精确的动力学模型造成的状态估计误差。同时计算了模型的能观度，对模型的可观性进行了分析。最后对算法进行了仿真分析，仿真结果表明，该算法对动力学模型的依赖性明显低于其他算法，在相同模型精度下，可获得更好的滤波精度。     

2024T4铝合金蠕变本构关系研究

设计了一种简易单向拉伸蠕变试验装置,对2024T4铝合金在175℃、多个应力水平下的单向拉伸蠕变进行了试验。根据试验数据的特点,将2024T4铝合金的蠕变本构关系分解为由一个双指数函数和一个一次函数组成的两分量表达式,并利用试验数据通过最小二乘拟合确定出本构关系中的待定参数,得到2024T4铝合金175℃时的本构关系。通过对拟合数据与试验数据的对比分析表明,所建立的蠕变本构关系能够有效表征2024T4铝合金175℃时在不同应力水平下的蠕变行为。     

Tribological evaluation of surface modified H13 tool steel in warm forming of Ti–6Al–4V titanium alloy sheet

The H13 hot-working tool steel is widely used as die material in the warm forming of Ti–6Al–4V titanium alloy sheet. However, under the heating condition, severe friction and lubricating conditions between the H13 tools and Ti–6Al–4V titanium alloy sheet would cause difficulty in guaranteeing forming quality. Surface modification may be used to control the level of friction force, reduce the friction wear and extend the service life of dies. In this paper, four surface modification methods(chromium plating, TiAlN coating, surface polishing and nitriding treatment)were applied to the H13 surfaces. Taking the coefficient of friction(CoF) and the wear degree as evaluation indicators, the high-temperature tribological behavior of the surface modified H13 steel was experimentally investigated under different tribological conditions. The results of this study indicate that the tribological properties of the TiAlN coating under dry friction condition are better than the others for a wide range of temperature(from room temperature to 500 C), while there is little difference of tribological properties between different surface modifications under graphite lubricated condition, and the variation law of CoF with temperature under graphite lubricated is opposite to that under the dry friction.